March 1 is the 60th day of the year (61st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. There are 305 days remaining until the end of the year.
Events
- 752 BC – Romulus, first king of Rome, celebrates the first Roman triumph after his victory over the Caeninenses, following The Rape of the Sabine Women.
- 86 BC – Lucius Cornelius Sulla, at the head of a Roman Republic army, enters Athens, removing the tyrant Aristion who was supported by troops of Mithridates VI of Pontus.
- 286 – Roman Emperor Diocletian raises Maximian to the rank of Caesar.
- 293 – Roman Emperors Diocletian and Maximian appoint Constantius Chlorus and Galerius as Caesares, thus beginning the Tetrarchy.
- 317 – Crispus and Constantine II, sons of Roman Emperor Constantine I, and Licinius Iunior, son of Emperor Licinius, are made Caesares
- 1457 – The Unitas Fratrum is established in the village of Kunvald, on the Bohemian-Moravian borderland. It is to date the second oldest Protestant denomination.
- 1562 – 23 Huguenots are massacred by Catholics in Wassy, France, marking the start of the French Wars of Religion.
- 1565 – The city of Rio de Janeiro is founded.
- 1593 – The Uppsala Synod is summoned to confirm the exact forms of the Lutheran Church of Sweden.
- 1628 – Writs issued in February by Charles I of England mandate that every county in England (not just seaport towns) pay ship tax by this date.
- 1633 – Samuel de Champlain reclaims his role as commander of New France on behalf of Cardinal Richelieu.
- 1642 – Georgeana, Massachusetts (now known as York, Maine), becomes the first incorporated city in the United States.
- 1692 – Sarah Good, Sarah Osborne and Tituba are brought before local magistrates in Salem Village, Massachusetts, beginning what would become known as the Salem witch trials.
- 1700 – Sweden introduces its own Swedish calendar, in an attempt to gradually merge into the Gregorian calendar, reverts to the Julian calendar on this date in 1712, and introduces the Gregorian Calendar on this date in 1753.
- 1781 – The Continental Congress adopts the Articles of Confederation.
- 1790 – The first United States census is authorized.
- 1803 – Ohio is admitted as the 17th U.S. state.
- 1805 – Justice Samuel Chase is acquitted at the end of his impeachment trial by the U.S. Senate.
- 1811 – Leaders of the Mameluke dynasty are killed by Egyptian ruler Muhammad Ali.
- 1815 – Napoleon returns to France from his banishment on Elba.
- 1836 – A convention of delegates from 57 Texas communities convenes in Washington-on-the-Brazos, Texas, to deliberate independence from Mexico.
- 1840 – Adolphe Thiers becomes prime minister of France.
- 1845 – President John Tyler signs a bill authorizing the United States to annex the Republic of Texas.
- 1847 – The state of Michigan formally abolishes capital punishment.
- 1852 – Archibald William Montgomerie, 13th Earl of Eglinton is appointed Lord Lieutenant of Ireland.
- 1854 – German psychologist Friedrich Eduard Beneke disappears; two years later his remains are found in a canal near Charlottenburg.
- 1867 – Nebraska becomes the 37th U.S. state; Lancaster, Nebraska is renamed Lincoln and becomes the state capital.
- 1870 – Marshal F.S. López dies during the Battle of Cerro Corá thus marking the end of the War of the Triple Alliance.
- 1872 – Yellowstone National Park is established as the world's first national park.
- 1873 – E. Remington and Sons in Ilion, New York begins production of the first practical typewriter.
- 1886 – The Anglo-Chinese School, Singapore is founded by Bishop William Oldham.
- 1893 – Nikola Tesla gives the first public demonstration of radio in St. Louis, Missouri.
- 1896 – Battle of Adowa: an Ethiopian army defeats an outnumbered Italian force, ending the First Italo–Ethiopian War.
- 1896 – Henri Becquerel discovers radioactivity.
- 1910 – The worst avalanche in United States history buries a Great Northern Railway train in northeastern King County, Washington, killing 96 people.
- 1912 – Albert Berry makes the first parachute jump from a moving airplane.
- 1914 – The Republic of China joins the Universal Postal Union.
- 1917 – The U.S. government releases the unencrypted text of the Zimmermann Telegram to the public.
- 1919 – March 1st Movement begins in Korea.
- 1932 – The son of Charles Lindbergh, Charles Augustus Lindbergh III, is kidnapped.
- 1936 – The Hoover Dam is completed.
- 1936 – A strike occurs aboard the S.S. California, leading to the demise of the International Seamen's Union and the creation of the National Maritime Union.
- 1939 – A Japanese Imperial Army ammunition dump explodes at Hirakata, Osaka, Japan, killing 94.
- 1939 – Trans-Canada Air Lines (forerunner of Air Canada) begins transcontinental operations (between Vancouver and Montreal).
- 1941 – World War II: Bulgaria signs the Tripartite Pact, allying itself with the Axis powers.
- 1941 – W47NV (now known as WSM-FM) begins operations in Nashville, Tennessee becoming the first FM radio station in the U.S..
- 1943 – World War II: Battle of Bismarck Sea begins.
- 1946 – The Bank of England is nationalised.
- 1947 – The International Monetary Fund begins financial operations.
- 1950 – Cold War: Klaus Fuchs is convicted of spying for the Soviet Union by disclosing top secret atomic bomb data.
- 1953 – Joseph Stalin suffers a stroke and collapses. He dies four days later.
- 1954 – Nuclear testing: The Castle Bravo, a 15-megaton hydrogen bomb, is detonated on Bikini Atoll in the Pacific Ocean, resulting in the worst radioactive contamination ever caused by the United States.
- 1954 – Puerto Rican nationalists attack the United States Capitol building, injuring five Representatives.
- 1956 – The International Air Transport Association finalizes a draft of the Radiotelephony spelling alphabet for the International Civil Aviation Organization.
- 1956 – Formation of the National People's Army
- 1958 – Samuel Alphonsus Stritch, is appointed Pro-Prefect of the Propagation of Faith and thus becomes the first American member of the Roman Curia.
- 1958 – Turkish passenger ship Uskudar capsizes and sinks at Izmit Bay, Kocaeli, Turkey, killing at least 300.
- 1961 – President of the United States John F. Kennedy establishes the Peace Corps.
- 1961 – Uganda becomes self-governing and holds its first elections.
- 1962 – American Airlines Flight 1 crashes on take off in New York.
- 1964 – Villarrica Volcano begins a strombolian eruption causing lahas that destroy half of the town of Coñaripe.
- 1966 – Venera 3 Soviet space probe crashes on Venus becoming the first spacecraft to land on another planet's surface.
- 1966 – The Ba'ath Party takes power in Syria.
- 1971 – A bomb explodes in a men's room in the United States Capitol: the Weather Underground claims responsibility.
- 1971 – President of Pakistan Yahya Khan indefinitely postpones the pending national assembly session, precipitating massive civil disobedience in East Pakistan.
- 1972 – The Thai province of Yasothon is created after being split off from the Ubon Ratchathani province.
- 1973 – Black September storms the Saudi embassy in Khartoum, Sudan, resulting in the assassination of three Western hostages.
- 1974 – Watergate scandal: Seven are indicted for their role in the Watergate break-in and charged with conspiracy to obstruct justice.
- 1981 – Provisional Irish Republican Army member Bobby Sands begins his hunger strike in HM Prison Maze.
- 1989 – The United States becomes a member of the Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works.
- 1990 – Steve Jackson Games is raided by the United States Secret Service, prompting the later formation of the Electronic Frontier Foundation.
- 1992 – Bosnia and Herzegovina declares its independence from Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia.
- 1995 – Prime Minister of Poland Waldemar Pawlak resigns from parliament and is replaced by ex-communist Józef Oleksy.
- 1995 – Yahoo! was incorporated.
- 2000 – The Constitution of Finland is rewritten.
- 2000 – Hans Blix assumes the position of Executive Chairman of UNMOVIC.
- 2002 – U.S. invasion of Afghanistan: Operation Anaconda begins in eastern Afghanistan.
- 2002 – The Envisat environmental satellite successfully reaches an orbit 800 kilometers (500 miles) above the Earth on its 11th launch, carrying the heaviest payload to date at 8500 kilograms (9.5 tons).
- 2002 – The peseta is discontinued as official currency of Spain and is replaced by the euro (€).
- 2003 – Management of the United States Customs Service and the United States Secret Service move to the United States Department of Homeland Security.
- 2003 – The International Criminal Court holds its inaugural session in The Hague.
- 2004 – Mohammed Bahr al-Uloum becomes President of Iraq.
- 2005 – The death penalty for juveniles is revoked in United States.
- 2006 – English-language Wikipedia reaches its one millionth article, Jordanhill railway station.
- 2007 – Tornadoes break out across the southern United States, killing at least 20; eight of the deaths are at a high school in Enterprise, Alabama.
- 2007 – "Squatters" are evicted from Ungdomshuset in Copenhagen, Denmark, provoking the March 2007 Denmark Riots.
- 2008 – The Armenian police clashed with peaceful opposition rally protesting against allegedly fraudulent presidential elections 2008 killing at least 10 people.
Births
- 40 – Martial, Latin poet (d. 102)
- 1432 – Isabel of Coimbra, queen of Portugal (d. 1455)
- 1445 – Sandro Botticelli, Italian painter (d. 1510)
- 1449 – Lorenzo de' Medici, Italian statesman (d. 1492)
- 1456 – King Ladislaus II of Bohemia and Hungary (d. 1516)
- 1474 – Angela Merici, Italian nun (d. 1540)
- 1547 – Rudolph Goclenius, German philosopher (d. 1628)
- 1597 – Jean-Charles de la Faille, Flemish mathematician (d. 1652)
- 1611 – John Pell, English mathematician (d. 1685)
- 1657 – Samuel Werenfels, Swiss theologian (d. 1740)
- 1683 – Caroline of Ansbach, wife of George II of Great Britain (d. 1737)
- 1732 – William Cushing, 2nd Chief Justice of the United States. (d. 1810)
- 1760 – François Nicolas Leonard Buzot, French revolutionary (d. 1794)
- 1769 – François Séverin Marceau-Desgraviers, French general (d. 1796)
- 1781 – Javiera Carrera, Chilean aristoctratic woman, sister of José Miguel Carrera (d. 1862)
- 1807 – Wilford Woodruff, fourth president of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (d. 1898)
- 1810 – Frédéric Chopin, Polish composer (d. 1849)
- 1812 – Augustus Pugin, English-born architect (d. 1852)
- 1817 – Giovanni Duprè, Italian sculptor (d. 1882)
- 1821 – Joseph Hubert Reinkens, German Catholic bishop (d. 1896)
- 1837 – William Dean Howells, American writer, historian, and politician (d. 1920)
- 1842 – Nicholaos Gysis, Greek painter (d. 1901)
- 1848 – Augustus Saint-Gaudens, Irish-born American sculptor (d. 1907)
- 1852 – Théophile Delcassé, French statesman (d. 1923)
- 1858 – Georg Simmel, German sociologist and philosopher (d. 1918)
- 1863 – Alexander Golovin, Russian painter (d. 1930)
- 1865 – Abe Iso, Japanese politician (d. 1949)
- 1871 – Ben Harney, American composer and ragtime pianist (d. 1938)
- 1876 – Henri de Baillet-Latour, Belgian IOC president (d. 1942)
- 1880 – Lytton Strachey, British writer (d. 1932)
- 1886 – Oskar Kokoschka, Austrian painter and poet (d. 1980)
- 1888 – Ewart Astill, English cricketer (d. 1948)
- 1889 – Watsuji Tetsuro, Japanese philosopher (d. 1960)
- 1892 – Ryūnosuke Akutagawa, Japanese writer (d. 1927)
- 1893 – Mercedes de Acosta, American socialite (d. 1968)
- 1896 – Dimitris Mitropoulos, Greek conductor and composer (d. 1960)
- 1896 – Moriz Seeler, German writer and producer (d. 1942)
- 1899 – Erich von dem Bach, Nazi official (d. 1972)
- 1904 – Paul Hartman, American actor (d. 1973)
- 1904 – Glenn Miller, American bandleader (d. 1944)
- 1905 – Doris Hare, Welsh actress (d. 2000)
- 1910 – Archer John Porter Martin, English chemist, Nobel laureate (d. 2002)
- 1910 – David Niven, English actor (d. 1983)
- 1912 – Gerald Emmett Cardinal Carter, archbishop of Toronto (d. 2003)
- 1912 – Boris Chertok, Polish-born Russian rocket designer
- 1913 – Ralph Ellison, American writer (d. 1994)
- 1914 – Harry Caray, American sportscaster (d. 1998)
- 1917 – Robert Lowell, American poet (d. 1977)
- 1918 – Roger Delgado, English actor (d. 1973)
- 1918 – João Goulart, President of Brazil (d. 1976)
- 1918 – Gladys Noon Spellman, American politician (d. 1988)
- 1920 – Max Bentley, Canadian ice hockey player (d. 1984)
- 1921 – Terence Cardinal Cooke, American Catholic archbishop (d. 1983)
- 1921 – Richard Wilbur, American poet
- 1922 – William Gaines, American publisher (d. 1992)
- 1922 – Yitzhak Rabin, Prime Minister of Israel, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (d. 1995)
- 1923 – Kuczka Péter, Hungarian writer and editor (d. 1999)
- 1924 – Deke Slayton, American astronaut (d. 1993)
- 1926 – Robert Clary, French-born actor
- 1926 – Pete Rozelle, American commissioner of the NFL (d. 1996)
- 1926 – Cesare Danova, Italian-born American actor (d. 1992)
- 1927 – Harry Belafonte, American musician and activist
- 1927 – Robert Bork, American legal scholar
- 1928 – Seymour Papert, South African mathematician
- 1928 – Jacques Rivette, French film director
- 1929 – Georgi Markov, Bulgarian dissident (d. 1978)
- 1930 – Gastone Nencini, Italian cyclist (d. 1980)
- 1935 – Robert Conrad, American actor
- 1936 – Monique Bégin, French-Canadian politician
- 1936 – Jean-Edern Hallier, French author (d. 1997)
- 1937 – Jed Allan, American actor
- 1939 – Leo Brouwer, Cuban composer and guitarist
- 1940 – David Broome CBE, Showjumper
- 1940 – Robert Grossman, American illustrator
- 1941 – Joo Hyun, South Korean actor
- 1941 – Donnie Walsh, American basketball coach and executive
- 1942 – Richard Bowman Myers, American soldier, 15th Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff
- 1943 – Gil Amelio, American venture capitalist
- 1943 – Akinori Nakayama, Japanese gymnast
- 1943 – Richard H. Price, American physicist
- 1943 – Rashid Sunyaev, Russian physicist
- 1943 – José Ángel Iribar, Spanish footballer
- 1944 – John Breaux, American politician, former U.S. Senator from Louisiana
- 1944 – Mike d'Abo, English singer (Manfred Mann)
- 1944 – Roger Daltrey, English musician (The Who)
- 1945 – Dirk Benedict, American actor (The A-Team, Battlestar Galactica)
- 1946 – Lana Wood, American actress
- 1946 – Gerry Boulet, French-Canadian singer (d. 1990)
- 1946 – Elvin Bethea, American football player
- 1947 – Alan Thicke, Canadian actor and songwriter
- 1948 – Burning Spear, Jamaican singer and musician
- 1951 – Sergei Kourdakov, former KGB agent
- 1952 – Steven Barnes, American writer
- 1952 – Leigh Matthews, former Australian Rules footballer and coach
- 1952 – Martin O'Neill, Northern Irish footballer and manager
- 1952 – Brian Winters, American basketball player and coach
- 1953 – Richard Bruton, Irish politician and economist
- 1954 – Catherine Bach, American actress
- 1954 – Ron Howard, American actor and director
- 1956 – Timothy Daly, American actor
- 1956 – Dalia Grybauskaite, President of Lithuania
- 1957 – Peter Athans, American mountaineer
- 1958 – Bertrand Piccard, Swiss balloonist and psychiatrist
- 1958 – Nik Kershaw, English musician
- 1958 – Chosei Komatsu, Japanese conductor
- 1959 – Nick Griffin, British far right politician
- 1959 – Diamanto Manolakou, Greek politician
- 1960 – William Bennett, English musician (Whitehouse)
- 1962 – Melanie Moore, American actress
- 1963 – Rob Affuso, American drummer
- 1963 – Thomas Anders, German singer (Modern Talking)
- 1963 – Maurice Benard, American actor
- 1963 – Ron Francis, Canadian ice hockey player
- 1963 – Dan Michaels, American musician and record producer
- 1963 – Russell Wong, American actor
- 1964 – Paul Le Guen, French football manager
- 1964 – Clinton Gregory, American musician
- 1965 – Stewart Elliott, Canadian jockey
- 1965 – Booker Huffman, American professional wrestler
- 1965 – Mary Lou Lord, American singer/songwriter
- 1966 – Susan Auch, Canadian speed-skater
- 1967 – Yelena Afanasyeva, Russian athlete
- 1967 – George Eads, American actor
- 1967 – Aron Winter, Dutch footballer
- 1968 – Salil Ankola, Indian cricketer & Indian TV Actor
- 1969 – Javier Bardem, Spanish actor
- 1969 – Doug Creek, American baseball player
- 1969 – Dafydd Ieuan, Welsh drummer (Super Furry Animals)
- 1971 – Tyler Hamilton, American cyclist
- 1973 – Jack Davenport, English actor
- 1973 – Ryan Peake, Canadian guitarist (Nickelback)
- 1973 – Carlo Resoort, Dutch DJ
- 1973 – Chris Webber, American basketball player
- 1974 – Mark-Paul Gosselaar, American actor
- 1974 – Stephen Davis, American football player
- 1974 – Shane Harwood, Australian cricketer
- 1976 – Peter F. Bell, Australian rules footballer
- 1976 – Dave Malkoff, American TV News Reporter
- 1977 – Rens Blom, Dutch athlete
- 1977 – Esther Cañadas, Spanish actress and supermodel
- 1978 – Jensen Ackles, American actor
- 1978 – Donovan Patton, Guamanian television star
- 1978 – Alicia Leigh Willis, American actress
- 1980 – Shahid Afridi, Pakistani cricketer
- 1980 – Abdur Rehman, Pakistani cricketer
- 1980 – Djimi Traoré, Malian footballer
- 1981 – Ana Hickmann, Brazilian supermodel
- 1981 – Adam LaVorgna, American actor
- 1981 – Will Power, Australian racing driver
- 1981 – Brad Winchester, American ice hockey player
- 1983 – Daniel Carvalho, Brazilian footballer
- 1983 – Elan Sara DeFan, Mexican singer-songwriter
- 1983 – Chris Hackett, English footballer
- 1983 – Blake Hawksworth, Canadian baseball player
- 1984 – Naima Mora, American model
- 1984 – Alexander Steen, Canadian-born Swedish ice hockey player
- 1984 – Jacob Lillyman, Australian rugby league footballer
- 1984 – Anthony Tupou, Australian rugby league footballer
- 1985 – J Leman, American football player
- 1985 – Andreas Ottl, German footballer
- 1986 – Jonathan Spector, American footballer
- 1987 – Kesha, American singer
- 1987 – Sammie, American singer
- 1988 – Trevor Cahill, American baseball player
- 1988 – Katija Pevec, American actress
- 1989 – Sonya Kitchell, American singer
- 1989 – Carlos Vela, Mexican footballer
- 1990 – Harry Eden, English actor
- 1994 – Justin Bieber, Canadian pop/R&B singer.
Deaths
- 589 – Saint David, Patron Saint of Wales (b. 500)
- 986 – King Lothair of France (b. 941)
- 1131 – King Stephen II of Hungary (b. 1101)
- 1233 – Count Thomas I of Savoy (b. 1178)
- 1244 – Gruffydd ap Llywelyn Fawr, son of Llywelyn the Great (b. 1200)
- 1320 – Buyantu Khagan, Emperor of the Mongolian Yuan Dynasty (b. 1286)
- 1383 – Amadeus VI of Savoy (b. 1334)
- 1510 – Francisco de Almeida, Portuguese soldier and explorer
- 1536 – Bernardo Accolti, Italian poet (b. 1465)
- 1546 – George Wishart, Scottish religious reformer (martyred) (b. 1513)
- 1620 – Thomas Campion, English poet and composer (b. 1567)
- 1633 – George Herbert, English poet and orator (b. 1593)
- 1643 – Girolamo Frescobaldi, Italian composer (b. 1583)
- 1661 – Richard Zouch, English jurist (b. 1590)
- 1697 – Francesco Redi, Italian physician (b. 1626)
- 1706 – Heino Heinrich Graf von Flemming, German field marshal and Governor of Berlin (b. 1632)
- 1734 – Roger North, English biographer (b. 1653)
- 1757 – Edward Moore, English writer (b. 1712)
- 1768 – Hermann Samuel Reimarus, German philosopher and writer (b. 1694)
- 1773 – Luigi Vanvitelli, Italian architect (b. 1700)
- 1777 – Georg Christoph Wagenseil, Austrian composer (b. 1715)
- 1792 – Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor (b. 1747)
- 1841 – Claude Victor-Perrin, duc de Belluno, French marshal (b. 1764)
- 1862 – Peter Barlow, English mathematician (b. 1776)
- 1875 – Tristan Corbière, French poet (b. 1845)
- 1879 – Joachim Heer, Swiss politician (b. 1825)
- 1884 – Isaac Todhunter, English mathematician (b. 1820)
- 1898 – George Bruce Malleson, English officer in India, author (b. 1825)
- 1906 – José María de Pereda, Spanish novelist (b. 1833)
- 1911 – Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff, Dutch chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1852)
- 1912 – George Grossmith, English actor and comic writer (b. 1847)
- 1914 – Gilbert Elliot-Murray-Kynynmound, 4th Earl of Minto (b. 1845)
- 1920 – John H. Bankhead, U.S. Senator (b. 1842)
- 1920 – Joseph Trumpeldor, Russian Zionist (b. 1880)
- 1922 – Rafael Moreno Aranzadi, Spanish footballer (b. 1892)
- 1929 – Royal H. Weller, American politician (b. 1881)
- 1932 – Frank Teschemacher, American jazz clarinetist (b. 1906)
- 1933 – Uładzimir Zylka, Belarusian poet (b. 1900)
- 1936 – Mikhail Kuzmin, Russian writer (b. 1871)
- 1938 – Gabriele D'Annunzio, Italian writer, war hero, and politician (b. 1863)
- 1940 – Anton Hansen Tammsaare, Estonian author (b. 1878)
- 1942 – George S. Rentz, Navy chaplain (b. 1882)
- 1943 – Alexandre Yersin, Swiss physician (b. 1863)
- 1952 – Mariano Azuela, Mexican novelist (b. 1873)
- 1963 – Irish Meusel, American baseball player (b. 1893)
- 1963 – Jorge Daponte, Argentine racing driver (b. 1923)
- 1966 – Fritz Houtermans, German physicist (b. 1903)
- 1970 – Lucille Hegamin, American singer and entertainer (b. 1894)
- 1974 – Bobby Timmons, American jazz pianist (b. 1935)
- 1979 – Mustafa Barzani, Kurdish politician (b. 1903)
- 1980 – Dixie Dean, English footballer (b. 1907)
- 1980 – Wilhelmina, high-fashion model and owner of model agency (b. 1940)
- 1984 – Jackie Coogan, American actor (b. 1914)
- 1988 – Joe Besser, American comedian and actor (b. 1907)
- 1991 – Edwin H. Land, American scientist and inventor (Polaroid Corporation) (b. 1909)
- 1995 – Vladislav Listyev, Russian television journalist (b. 1956)
- 1995 – Georges J.F. Kohler, German biologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (b. 1946)
- 2000 – Dennis Danell, American guitarist (Social Distortion) (b. 1961)
- 2001 – Henry Wade, American lawyer (b. 1914)
- 2005 – Peter Malkin, Israeli secret agent (b. 1927)
- 2006 – Harry Browne, American politician and author (b. 1933)
- 2006 – Johnny Jackson, American musician (b. 1951)
- 2006 – Peter Osgood, English footballer (b. 1947)
- 2006 – Jack Wild, British actor (b. 1952)
- 2008 – Raul Reyes, second-in-command of FARC guerrilla (b. 1948)
- 2010 – Kristian Digby, television presenter (b. 1977)
Holidays and observances
External links
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